Terms appearing in the provided transcript.
A cylindrical lithium‑ion rechargeable cell form factor measuring ~21 mm diameter × 70 mm length, commonly used for high‑capacity battery packs.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21700_battery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_battery_sizes
An IEEE Wi‑Fi amendment designed for sub‑1 GHz operation to improve range, penetration, and power efficiency for IoT and long‑range links; marketed as Wi‑Fi HaLow.
References: https://wballiance.com/wi-fi-halow/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11ah
An IEEE 802.11 amendment that defines how Wi‑Fi devices can form multi‑hop mesh networks (mesh stations, links, and paths) at the MAC layer.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11s https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.11s/4243/
A small interconnect that converts between RF connector types (e.g., SMA↔N, SMA↔BNC) so antennas, radios, and coax can mate mechanically while preserving impedance as well as practical.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMA_connector https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNC_connector
A geospatial situational‑awareness application (and broader ecosystem) that supports mapping, team tracking, data sharing, and plugins; often paired with IP mesh networks in the field.
References: https://tak.gov https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Team_Awareness_Kit
A Linux kernel layer‑2 mesh protocol that forwards Ethernet frames across a mesh, making participating nodes appear link‑local while handling multi‑hop forwarding below IP.
References: https://www.open-mesh.org/projects/batman-adv/wiki/Wiki https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.17/networking/batman-adv.html
The capacity or occupied frequency width of a communications channel. In practice, more bandwidth typically allows higher data rates, at the cost of spectrum usage and sometimes link budget.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_capacity
A bayonet (quick twist‑lock) RF coax connector widely used for RF and video; available in 50‑ohm and 75‑ohm variants.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNC_connector https://www.lenovo.com/us/en/glossary/bnc-connector/
A plain‑text tabular file format where each line is a row and fields are separated by commas; commonly used for exporting measurement logs like GPS, RSSI, and SNR.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values
A logarithmic measure of antenna gain referenced to an ideal isotropic radiator. Higher dBi indicates more concentrated radiation in some direction(s), not “more power” by itself.
References: https://www.digi.com/support/knowledge-base/dbi-vs-dbd-summary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_gain
A power level expressed in decibels relative to 1 milliwatt (mW). RSSI is often reported in or related to dBm depending on the radio/system.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBm https://ib-lenhardt.com/kb/glossary/dbm
A basic antenna made of two conductors fed at the center. It is the reference for dBd gain and is a building block for many other antennas and arrays.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole_antenna
An antenna designed to concentrate energy more strongly in certain direction(s) than others, trading broad coverage for higher gain in the preferred direction.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional_antenna https://www.mobilemark.com/about/faq/what-is-the-difference-between-an-omnidirectional-antenna-and-a-directional-antenna/
A way to express radiated power as if it were emitted by an isotropic antenna: transmitter output plus system gains/losses (antenna gain, feedline loss, etc.).
References: https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/eirp-and-erp/ https://www.keysight.com/used/us/en/knowledge/calculators/eirp-calculator
In radio/drone contexts, FPV typically refers to live video/control links that benefit from robust antenna setups and polarization diversity.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-person_view_(radio_control)
A measure of how an antenna directs RF energy compared to a reference antenna. Gain shapes the radiation pattern; it does not create power but redistributes it.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_gain https://www.digi.com/support/knowledge-base/antenna-gain-dbi-vs-dbd-decibel-detail
A mechanically flexible antenna mount/section that can be bent to point or position the radiator; the RF behavior depends on the actual radiator geometry and ground reference.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gooseneck_(fixture)
A satellite navigation system used to compute position, velocity, and time; commonly used for field test logging and mapping radio measurements.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System
The network‑layer protocol responsible for addressing and routing packets across interconnected networks (IPv4/IPv6). Many “IP mesh” systems provide full IP connectivity over multi‑hop links.
References: https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/network-layer/internet-protocol/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol
A license‑exempt Industrial/Scientific/Medical band commonly used by Part 15 devices in the United States, including many sub‑GHz radios (LoRa, HaLow, etc.).
References: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-A/part-15 https://www.ntia.gov/files/ntia/publications/compendium/0902.00-0928.00_01MAY15.pdf
OSI layer responsible for frame delivery on a local link (e.g., Ethernet MAC). Layer‑2 mesh systems (like batman‑adv) forward frames rather than routing IP packets.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link_layer https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.17/networking/batman-adv.html
A propagation condition where a direct, unobstructed path exists between transmitter and receiver; LOS generally improves link quality at higher frequencies.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line-of-sight_propagation
A long‑range, low‑power radio modulation (PHY) based on chirp spread spectrum (CSS), commonly used for off‑grid sensor and messaging links in unlicensed bands.
References: https://www.semtech.com/lora/what-is-lora https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LoRa
A Low‑Power Wide‑Area Network (LPWAN) protocol built on LoRa radios, defining network architecture, security, and device communication with gateways and network servers.
References: https://lora-alliance.org/about-lorawan-old/ https://resources.lora-alliance.org/technical-specifications/lorawan-specification-v1-1
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) refers to self‑forming, infrastructure‑less networks where nodes forward traffic for each other; “Mane” is often used informally for similar tactical/ad‑hoc mesh environments.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_ad_hoc_network https://openmanet.net/
A topology where nodes connect directly to multiple peers and relay traffic, creating redundant paths and enabling self‑healing multi‑hop communication.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_networking https://meshtastic.org/
An off‑grid, multi‑hop routing/messaging system typically used with LoRa or packet radios for decentralized text‑based communications.
References: https://meshcore.co.uk/ https://github.com/meshcore-dev/MeshCore
An open‑source, off‑grid messaging project that uses LoRa radios to form a mesh network for text/location telemetry and related modules.
References: https://meshtastic.org/ https://meshtastic.org/docs/introduction/
A wireless technique that uses multiple transmit and/or receive antennas plus signal processing to increase throughput and/or link robustness via spatial streams and diversity.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000005714/wireless/legacy-intel-wireless-products.html
Modular Lightweight Load‑carrying Equipment; a pouch/attachment standard often referenced when building field kits (e.g., battery packs carried in MOLLE‑mounted pouches).
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOLLE
A single radiating element (often a quarter‑wave) used with a ground plane or counterpoise; many “whip” antennas are monopoles.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopole_antenna https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whip_antenna
Signal strength variations caused by multiple reflected paths arriving with different phases; can cause constructive/destructive interference that changes with motion and environment.
References: https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/propagation-overview/multipath-fading.php https://pysdr.org/content/multipath_fading.html
A threaded, weather‑resistant RF coax connector commonly used for outdoor antennas and higher‑power RF connections; often adapted to SMA for small radios.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N_connector
A propagation condition where the direct path is blocked by terrain/structures/foliage; performance depends heavily on diffraction, reflections, and link margin.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-line-of-sight_propagation
An antenna that radiates roughly equally in all horizontal (azimuth) directions, typically producing a “doughnut‑shaped” 3D pattern around the vertical axis.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnidirectional_antenna
An open‑source project focused on Raspberry Pi–based MANET radios using Wi‑Fi HaLow hardware (often Morse Micro) with field‑oriented workflows and TAK/ATAK integration.
References: https://openmanet.net/ https://openmanet.github.io/docs/
An open‑source Linux distribution for embedded routers and network devices, commonly used as a flexible base for custom mesh/router builds.
References: https://openwrt.org/ https://downloads.openwrt.org/
An antenna implemented as conductive traces directly on a printed circuit board, enabling repeatable geometry and mass production without external radiators.
References: https://www.venture-mfg.com/what-is-a-pcb-antenna/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted-F_antenna
The orientation/rotation of the electric field of an RF wave. Linear polarization has a fixed plane; circular polarization rotates (RHCP/LHCP), which can help with orientation mismatch and some multipath scenarios.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_%28waves%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_polarization
A low‑cost single‑board computer often used as the compute base for DIY routers, gateways, and portable mesh nodes.
References: https://www.raspberrypi.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi
Adjusting an antenna’s electrical length/geometry so it presents a desired impedance and radiates efficiently near a target frequency; trimming/bending is common for whips/dipoles.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonant_antenna
A cryptography‑based networking stack for building local or wide‑area networks over diverse links (including very low bandwidth), often used for resilient off‑grid communications experiments.
References: https://reticulum.network/ https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum
Right‑hand and left‑hand circular polarization. An RHCP antenna is best matched to RHCP waves; RHCP and LHCP are typically cross‑polarized (they reject each other).
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_polarization https://anywaves.com/resources/blog/difference-between-rhcp-and-lhcp-antenna/
A receiver‑reported indicator of signal strength. While implementations vary, higher/less‑negative values usually mean a stronger received signal.
References: https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/rssi-and-snr/
A small threaded RF coax connector common on Wi‑Fi/LoRa/SDR gear; SMA “male” and “female” are defined by thread and center‑pin gender (which can be confusing in practice).
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMA_connector
The ratio of desired signal power to noise power, typically in dB. Higher SNR generally supports higher modulation rates and more reliable links.
References: https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/rssi-and-snr/ https://www.sonicwall.com/support/knowledge-base/wireless-snr-rssi-and-noise-basics-of-wireless-troubleshooting/kA1VN0000000Owr0AE
A family of modulation techniques that spread energy across a wider bandwidth for robustness. LoRa uses chirp spread spectrum (CSS) and controls trade‑offs with spreading factors.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp_spread_spectrum https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/spreading-factors/
Frequencies below 1 GHz. Sub‑GHz links often have better diffraction and building penetration than 2.4/5 GHz, at the cost of smaller available bandwidth and region‑specific regulations.
References: https://wballiance.com/wi-fi-halow/ https://www.ntia.gov/files/ntia/publications/compendium/0902.00-0928.00_01MAY15.pdf
Portions of spectrum where devices can operate without an individual license if they meet technical rules (emissions limits, power, etc.)—e.g., many ISM‑band devices under FCC Part 15.
References: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-A/part-15
A flexible rod/wire antenna commonly used on handhelds and vehicles. Many whips are quarter‑wave monopoles relying on the device/vehicle as a ground plane.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whip_antenna
A directional “beam” antenna with one driven element plus parasitic reflector/director elements, providing higher gain and front‑to‑back ratio compared to simple whips/dipoles.
References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagi%E2%80%93Uda_antenna https://ieee-aess.org/post/blog/history-column-yagi-antenna
A security model that removes implicit trust and instead continuously verifies access based on context, identity, and policy; often referenced when designing secure comms stacks.
References: https://www.nist.gov/publications/zero-trust-architecture https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/specialpublications/NIST.SP.800-207.pdf